Time synchronisation in modern computer networks is essential. It not only provides the only frame of reference between all devices, it is critical in everything from securing, planning and debugging a network to providing a time stamp for applications such as data acquisition or email.
Microsoft Windows XP has a time synchronisation utility built into the operating system called Windows Time (w32time.exe) which can be configured to operate as a network time server. It can be configured to both synchronise a network using the internal clock or an external time source.
For many applications, an internal clock can be quite adequate, although, on a network, problems can arise with applications such as sharing network files or in some environments even fraud, so it is vital for security reasons to use an accurate timing source for your network.
NTP (Network Time Protocol) is a protocol already installed on Windows XP and is used by Windows Time to keep machines synchronised to the single time source. There are several timing sources available on the Internet but Microsoft and others strongly recommend that you configure a time server with a hardware source rather than from the Internet where there is no authentication.
Specialist NTP servers are available that can receive a reliable time source via the GPS signal or specialist radio transmissions that get their time from atomic clocks.
If you wish to configure Windows XP to operate as a time server then first thing is to locate the Windows Time subkey. To do this: Run Regedit (Click start/run/then type REGEDIT/and click enter.
Note: editing your system registry can cause problems with your system. It is advisable to back up your system before editing the registry.
Now locate the following subkey: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesW32Timeparameters Right click the right-hand side and click Modify. In the Edit Value box, under Value Data, type NTP and then click OK. Now go to the Config folder and right-click AnnounceFlags, Modify and in the Edit DWORD Value box, under Value Data, type 5, and then click OK.
Locate this subkey: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesW32TimeTimeProvidersNtpClient
Right-click in the right-side window and Modify. Edit the DWORD value box and type the number of seconds you want for each poll under Value data, i.e.: 900 will equal 15 minutes. The poll field represents the polling interval between NTP poll packets.
To enable the NTP server locate the subkey: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesW32TimeTimeProvidersNtpServer Right click enabled (in the right-hand window) then Modify. Edit the DWORD Value and type 1. Right-click NtpServer, then Modify and in the Edit DWORD Value under Value Data type Peers, then click OK.
Locate: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesW32Timeconfig In the right pane, right-click MaxPosPhaseCorrection, then Modify, in the Edit DWORD Value box, under Base, click Decimal, under Value Data, type a time in seconds such as 3600 (an hour) then click OK. This adjusts the connection settings.
Now go back and click: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesW32Timeconfig
In the right pane, right-click MaxNegPhaseCorrection, then Modify. In the Edit DWORD box under base, click Decimal, under value data type the time in seconds you want to poll such as 3600 (an hour).
Exit Registry then restart windows time service by clicking Start/Run then typing: net stop w32time && net start w32time. on each computer, other than the domain controller, type: W32tm/resync/rediscover. The time server should be now up and running.
By: Richard N Williams
Saturday, October 11, 2008
Thursday, October 9, 2008
Free Email account
This is a fast paced world and nobody has time to meet. Bu there is a sure way to be in touch and that too within a few clicks of your mouse. And this way has for sure have contributed in changing the world we live in. Yes! We are talking about e-mails. Believe it or not, e-mails have helped us to communicate keeping in stride with this fast paced world. Today, we can’t imagine our lives without e-mails, so much so that they have become an integral part of our day-to-day lives.
E-mails connect us with rest of world. Today, they have become a part of your identity and as good as your phone number. In most of the cases, people think it is the best way to reach each other besides phone. In fact, e-mails have got better than communication over the phone. Not only you can send messages across to a person you want to communicate with, but also you do it for much less than the phone costs you. Moreover, e-mails are free, and do not consume any cost for you to keep in touch with your friends and family.
Like al other human inventions, e-mails have evolved a lot. Today, not only they provide more storage space than the previous versions but also they offer you man exciting features that help to simplify your life. Now, you can send bigger attachments and also store all your e-mails without ever thinking of deleting them. And all these you get is for free. There are three basic types of e-mail services available. They are Web based mail, proprietary Internet Access, POP 3 email. Of these the web based mail or web mail as it is popularly known as, is quite popular and extensively used. It is the mail service for people on the move and allows them to check it on any computer which is accessed to the Internet.
E-mail service providers like hotmail.com have been consistently trying to make the services more user friendly and reliable. With hotmail you get all the possible features that you may require for e-mails. This website offers you 5 GB of data storage and a spam free e-mail experience. The features provided by the web based emails are as follows
• The web based e-mails are fully functional email services, which may include folders, address books, filters, attachments, etc
• A webmail can be accessed from any computer that has a Web browser and access to the Internet.
• This kind of emails are great for people that do not own a computer but are able to access one, either at college, university, a library, a cyber-cafe, etc.
• The web based e-mails require you to do all your emailing online, which may be expensive, considering the time on may spend on the Internet.
• Some of the web based e-mails tend to add a "tagline" advertisement at the end of outgoing emails
you can try make a free email account at
gmail, yahoo or hotmail
E-mails connect us with rest of world. Today, they have become a part of your identity and as good as your phone number. In most of the cases, people think it is the best way to reach each other besides phone. In fact, e-mails have got better than communication over the phone. Not only you can send messages across to a person you want to communicate with, but also you do it for much less than the phone costs you. Moreover, e-mails are free, and do not consume any cost for you to keep in touch with your friends and family.
Like al other human inventions, e-mails have evolved a lot. Today, not only they provide more storage space than the previous versions but also they offer you man exciting features that help to simplify your life. Now, you can send bigger attachments and also store all your e-mails without ever thinking of deleting them. And all these you get is for free. There are three basic types of e-mail services available. They are Web based mail, proprietary Internet Access, POP 3 email. Of these the web based mail or web mail as it is popularly known as, is quite popular and extensively used. It is the mail service for people on the move and allows them to check it on any computer which is accessed to the Internet.
E-mail service providers like hotmail.com have been consistently trying to make the services more user friendly and reliable. With hotmail you get all the possible features that you may require for e-mails. This website offers you 5 GB of data storage and a spam free e-mail experience. The features provided by the web based emails are as follows
• The web based e-mails are fully functional email services, which may include folders, address books, filters, attachments, etc
• A webmail can be accessed from any computer that has a Web browser and access to the Internet.
• This kind of emails are great for people that do not own a computer but are able to access one, either at college, university, a library, a cyber-cafe, etc.
• The web based e-mails require you to do all your emailing online, which may be expensive, considering the time on may spend on the Internet.
• Some of the web based e-mails tend to add a "tagline" advertisement at the end of outgoing emails
you can try make a free email account at
gmail, yahoo or hotmail
Virtual Classroom - a Learning Tool of Prowess
Web based learning cannot rival conventional classroom training for some very obvious reasons. Since it is mostly delivered through asynchronous communication methods, it provides thin scope for interaction among the learners as well as between the learner and the instructor. It lacks the depth that an instant face to face dialogue can provide, because synchronous mode of learning is devoid of instant responses and interaction. In turn, it limits the comprehension of the student, thus reducing his interest in learning. On the other hand, a virtual classroom rids web based training of such maladies. It is essentially a cyber classroom, where the instructor and the learners can converse in real time. Thus, a virtual classroom tries to simulate in every way it can, the learning platform provided by conventional classroom, and is quite successful at that. Let us have a look at how it genuinely enhances the effect of other learning components in the learning process.
It engenders the sense of community existence among learners
The synchronous mode of communication in a virtual classroom allows immediate feedback on queries, and motivational encouragement, which provides the learners with a sense of belonging to a community. Thus, an instructor can be personally involved with learners during the course of an online chat. On the contrary, content is delivered to multiple recipients in a traditional classroom or asynchronous training mode, making it impersonal. Virtual classrooms have broken free of this stigma by harnessing technology for nurturing social interaction, instead of curtailing it. This sense of a group existence helps students to identify with fellow learners, thus keeping them glued through the course till its completion without allowing loneliness to creep in.
It helps assess learning trends among learners
Similar to a conventional classroom, a virtual classroom provides clues of student’s performance, interest and activities inside the class. In a traditional classroom, inattentiveness, restlessness, blank or quizzing expressions, or fiddling could be signs of student disinterest and lack of involvement in the course. Likewise, in a virtual classroom, an analysis of the responses and comments of the participants provide substantial cues to the level of interest and comprehension among learners. For example, the frequency of comments posted by a learner or the type of learner queries often gives an insight into the student involvement. Little wonder then, that virtual classrooms beat other components of learning - like web pages, email and forum postings, to enjoy the highest rankings as the most favored tool. And, while all the components together make the learning process more effective, learning initiatives could do well by adding more chat discussions to them.
It allows informative exchange of knowledge
An equal and active participation from both learner and instructor, and a precise two way instructive communication between them leads to the fruition of a learning process. Since asynchronous training leaves the student to flaccidly receive information from the instructor with its one-time, one-way mode of communication, the information flow is essentially one sided, at any given time. This is pure under-exploitation of the recourses thrown up by the developing technology. On the other hand, a virtual classroom assists in a meaningful, useful and informative exchange of notes between instructor-learner, and learner-learner.
It allows learning in an accustomed ambiance
Learning has always been more effective when it happens in a familiar ambience. The comparatively unidentified existence of learners in the virtual space is an added comfort factor. The cumulative effect of this results in an augmented, open and active learner participation in virtual classroom discussions, which certainly beats that in a traditional one. Also most learners are averse to speaking in front of an audience. A virtual classroom removes this hurdle for them, because of which, it has become a boiling pot of information from different sources and is synonymous with increased interaction between peers and learner-instructor. Indeed, a conventional classroom setting could never have dreamed of attaining this. Simply put, a virtual classroom liberates learners from the shackles of geographical distance, discriminations, and inhibitions.
It provides an egalitarian platform for learners
Being devoid of props such as the dais, stage lights, or the front and back row, the virtual classroom is one step ahead of its conventional counterpart, in that it provides a leveled platform for all. There is no raising of hands to answer questions, and learners who answer are not differentiated from others, since there is no standing up required to give answers. Apart from this, learners are spared the hassle of dealing with discrimination on the basis of gender, race, or any physical constraints. And even though the instructor leads the discussion, he is recognized from the learners only by his screen name. Each learner too, has a unique screen name and merit of the learners’ comments and opinions is the only criterion that separates them from one another. The virtual classroom practically makes learners lose their fear of teachers - that is a part of the traditional classroom set-up - although the instructor remains the guiding force of the whole class.
It allows instructors to experience the joy of learner ‘Nirvana’
Instructors of online courses often crib about missing the spark of realization on their students’ face that ensues a thorough understanding of a concept. But, unlike popular belief, learner nirvana can very well be experienced in a virtual classroom. The nature of learner responses and comments often reveals the comprehension levels of a student, allowing the instructor to enjoy the experience of a learner exactly grabbing the soul of a concept. The experience of seeing a relatively fresh mind imbibe the essence of a concept is like being the hand on the potter’s wheel. This is the best award for their teaching endeavor, not only because it proves the effectiveness of their teaching method, but also because it displays the perfect camaraderie that is shared by them.
Epilogue
Even though other components of an online learning initiative cannot be sidetracked by virtual classrooms, including more online chat in the courseware explains, improves and strengthens the concepts that are laid down by other asynchronous components. Obviously, a web based learning initiative is incomplete without virtual classrooms.
It engenders the sense of community existence among learners
The synchronous mode of communication in a virtual classroom allows immediate feedback on queries, and motivational encouragement, which provides the learners with a sense of belonging to a community. Thus, an instructor can be personally involved with learners during the course of an online chat. On the contrary, content is delivered to multiple recipients in a traditional classroom or asynchronous training mode, making it impersonal. Virtual classrooms have broken free of this stigma by harnessing technology for nurturing social interaction, instead of curtailing it. This sense of a group existence helps students to identify with fellow learners, thus keeping them glued through the course till its completion without allowing loneliness to creep in.
It helps assess learning trends among learners
Similar to a conventional classroom, a virtual classroom provides clues of student’s performance, interest and activities inside the class. In a traditional classroom, inattentiveness, restlessness, blank or quizzing expressions, or fiddling could be signs of student disinterest and lack of involvement in the course. Likewise, in a virtual classroom, an analysis of the responses and comments of the participants provide substantial cues to the level of interest and comprehension among learners. For example, the frequency of comments posted by a learner or the type of learner queries often gives an insight into the student involvement. Little wonder then, that virtual classrooms beat other components of learning - like web pages, email and forum postings, to enjoy the highest rankings as the most favored tool. And, while all the components together make the learning process more effective, learning initiatives could do well by adding more chat discussions to them.
It allows informative exchange of knowledge
An equal and active participation from both learner and instructor, and a precise two way instructive communication between them leads to the fruition of a learning process. Since asynchronous training leaves the student to flaccidly receive information from the instructor with its one-time, one-way mode of communication, the information flow is essentially one sided, at any given time. This is pure under-exploitation of the recourses thrown up by the developing technology. On the other hand, a virtual classroom assists in a meaningful, useful and informative exchange of notes between instructor-learner, and learner-learner.
It allows learning in an accustomed ambiance
Learning has always been more effective when it happens in a familiar ambience. The comparatively unidentified existence of learners in the virtual space is an added comfort factor. The cumulative effect of this results in an augmented, open and active learner participation in virtual classroom discussions, which certainly beats that in a traditional one. Also most learners are averse to speaking in front of an audience. A virtual classroom removes this hurdle for them, because of which, it has become a boiling pot of information from different sources and is synonymous with increased interaction between peers and learner-instructor. Indeed, a conventional classroom setting could never have dreamed of attaining this. Simply put, a virtual classroom liberates learners from the shackles of geographical distance, discriminations, and inhibitions.
It provides an egalitarian platform for learners
Being devoid of props such as the dais, stage lights, or the front and back row, the virtual classroom is one step ahead of its conventional counterpart, in that it provides a leveled platform for all. There is no raising of hands to answer questions, and learners who answer are not differentiated from others, since there is no standing up required to give answers. Apart from this, learners are spared the hassle of dealing with discrimination on the basis of gender, race, or any physical constraints. And even though the instructor leads the discussion, he is recognized from the learners only by his screen name. Each learner too, has a unique screen name and merit of the learners’ comments and opinions is the only criterion that separates them from one another. The virtual classroom practically makes learners lose their fear of teachers - that is a part of the traditional classroom set-up - although the instructor remains the guiding force of the whole class.
It allows instructors to experience the joy of learner ‘Nirvana’
Instructors of online courses often crib about missing the spark of realization on their students’ face that ensues a thorough understanding of a concept. But, unlike popular belief, learner nirvana can very well be experienced in a virtual classroom. The nature of learner responses and comments often reveals the comprehension levels of a student, allowing the instructor to enjoy the experience of a learner exactly grabbing the soul of a concept. The experience of seeing a relatively fresh mind imbibe the essence of a concept is like being the hand on the potter’s wheel. This is the best award for their teaching endeavor, not only because it proves the effectiveness of their teaching method, but also because it displays the perfect camaraderie that is shared by them.
Epilogue
Even though other components of an online learning initiative cannot be sidetracked by virtual classrooms, including more online chat in the courseware explains, improves and strengthens the concepts that are laid down by other asynchronous components. Obviously, a web based learning initiative is incomplete without virtual classrooms.
Maintain your Computer
Being a computer technician pays nice money and has for a very long time. Why?well,mainly becuase alot of new computer owners fail to learn how to use and maintain there new computer. Before purchasing my first computer back in 1998,I took an 8 hour class on the basics of operating a windows 95 system based computer..Even with the class,within the first few months,I had crashed the computer 3 times. This gives you somewhat of an idea about what we have here today..Alot of people now are getting computers becuase there friends have one,or to just get into the chat rooms,or the adult sites..point being..they dont know how to use a computer,much less maintain one.
To save yourself alot of money and unneedless trips to the computer shop for repairs,there are a series of very simple steps you can take to keep your new computer running fast and efficient. Myself,I have windows xp home edition running on my computer. I find it to be the best system out there at the moment.The choice is of course yours as to what operating system you install on your machine. When you get your new computer home and you configure an internet connection,the first thing I recommend that you do is to get to the windows update site. The site will automatically update your new operating system with files to prevent people on other computers from accessing your data. Next step is to install an anti-virus and spyware program on your computer.
If your buying a new computer from a big outlet,this is usually included with your purchase but not always.Make sure to inquire about this when purchasing your computer. Both these programs,the anti-virus and the anti-spyware are a must have in todays computer age..You can get good information from google(http://www.google.com}. Just type in anti-virus in the search box..you will get choices for alot of programs..same for the anti-spyware.
Over time,you will visit alot of websites..Most of these sites has what are called "cookies".These are little embedded packages of data(files),that the sites you have visited leave on your computer to track your browsing habits. After awhile,these files need to be purged,deleted from your computer.
Other files that need to be purged at least once a week,are your temporary internet files and your history files. Failing to do this will really slow down your computer to a crawl and possibly cause a system crash,meaning you will have to re-install your operating system.
When you open up internet explorer,at the top left of the page,you will see options..Look for the Tools option.Left click "Tools",then left click "Internet Options".From there it should be straight foward for you.After you have deleted your temporary internet files and history files,click "OK" I do this at least once a day,really keeps my computer running fast.
Now im going to share with you,some things you can do about whats inside of your computer "the case"or your computers "hardware". No matter how clean the surroundings where you have your computer placed,over time,alot of dust and particles gather on the inside..your motherboard,inside the power supply,on your cpu,all your cards"video,sound,ect." I clean the inside of my computer every 3 months and I recommend all new users do it also.
Here is how to do it: First,before you do anything,make sure the computer is unplugged from the outlet and is completely turned off! Next is to get a screwdriver for those little round screws you will need to undo to get inside your case. When both sides of the case are removed,you will need a can of compressed air..you can buy this from any computer store for under 5 dollars. You then spray all the areas inside the case..you will see the dust and dirt flyng off from the places you sprayed. Doing this 4 times a year(every 3 months)Is a great way to save alot of money and keep your computer running like its brand new.
I hope you all have enjoyed my computer tips.
issa D
To save yourself alot of money and unneedless trips to the computer shop for repairs,there are a series of very simple steps you can take to keep your new computer running fast and efficient. Myself,I have windows xp home edition running on my computer. I find it to be the best system out there at the moment.The choice is of course yours as to what operating system you install on your machine. When you get your new computer home and you configure an internet connection,the first thing I recommend that you do is to get to the windows update site. The site will automatically update your new operating system with files to prevent people on other computers from accessing your data. Next step is to install an anti-virus and spyware program on your computer.
If your buying a new computer from a big outlet,this is usually included with your purchase but not always.Make sure to inquire about this when purchasing your computer. Both these programs,the anti-virus and the anti-spyware are a must have in todays computer age..You can get good information from google(http://www.google.com}. Just type in anti-virus in the search box..you will get choices for alot of programs..same for the anti-spyware.
Over time,you will visit alot of websites..Most of these sites has what are called "cookies".These are little embedded packages of data(files),that the sites you have visited leave on your computer to track your browsing habits. After awhile,these files need to be purged,deleted from your computer.
Other files that need to be purged at least once a week,are your temporary internet files and your history files. Failing to do this will really slow down your computer to a crawl and possibly cause a system crash,meaning you will have to re-install your operating system.
When you open up internet explorer,at the top left of the page,you will see options..Look for the Tools option.Left click "Tools",then left click "Internet Options".From there it should be straight foward for you.After you have deleted your temporary internet files and history files,click "OK" I do this at least once a day,really keeps my computer running fast.
Now im going to share with you,some things you can do about whats inside of your computer "the case"or your computers "hardware". No matter how clean the surroundings where you have your computer placed,over time,alot of dust and particles gather on the inside..your motherboard,inside the power supply,on your cpu,all your cards"video,sound,ect." I clean the inside of my computer every 3 months and I recommend all new users do it also.
Here is how to do it: First,before you do anything,make sure the computer is unplugged from the outlet and is completely turned off! Next is to get a screwdriver for those little round screws you will need to undo to get inside your case. When both sides of the case are removed,you will need a can of compressed air..you can buy this from any computer store for under 5 dollars. You then spray all the areas inside the case..you will see the dust and dirt flyng off from the places you sprayed. Doing this 4 times a year(every 3 months)Is a great way to save alot of money and keep your computer running like its brand new.
I hope you all have enjoyed my computer tips.
issa D
Open source, be a leader of e-learning ?
Open source applications have gripped businesses across industries. Its use in the education sector has spelled a wave of phenomenal success for learning initiatives transversely through academic and corporate learning circles. Its high time educationalists unravel its power to revolutionize e-learning. With budgets for e learning initiatives contracting, it also becomes one of the most pocket friendly learning applications.
Definition of open source software
Software programs that are distributed along with their source code are called open source software programs. Users can run, study, modify, and redistribute the original or modified program. Though open source software is constructed on the same lines as proprietary software, it differs from the latter in the following issues
Since copious individuals and/or teams work on the program all at the same time, it evolves and advances at a far greater pace than those that are worked upon by a single team. A core team supervises the improvements made to the program before releasing them.
It can more efficiently meet the needs of users because it takes advantage of their collective expertise with improvements often being a consequence of users fixing their own problems or adding new features to the existing software.
The testing is done by scores of user teams working over different platforms and environments, unlike proprietary software, which ensures its superior quality.
The distributed and diverse team of developers, comprising of volunteers and users ensures the quality of the software application. Managing and organizing the work done by volunteers and users comes under the purview of the paid members of the development team.
Proprietary software applications have the disadvantage of limited viewership of the source code, whereas, an open source application possesses enhanced security features because of it being subjected to tight scrutiny by users.
Open source software in education
Though open source software has proved to be a boon to most of the businesses worldwide, it has had a marked effect on the education industry. Though open source applications have been used to produce infrastructure software for a while now, its use in the production of application software is only a recent development.
Universities and colleges have lead the way in producing open source applications like course management systems and electronic portfolios that compete directly with their proprietary counterparts. And at this rate of development, it will not be long before learning moves on to open source software from the proprietary one. The advantages of the open source applications in education, when juxtaposed with the drawbacks of their proprietary counterparts, have had immense impact on the functioning of institutions and learning organizations alike.
How open source software benefits e-learning
There are several benefits of an open source software as far as e learning is concerned. Some of them are
With e-learning budgets going through the roof, open source software fits many a pocket with its trademark markedly low or no license fee. The learning budget of an organization becomes more predictable, with decision makers having an choice of investment.
An open source software does not come with albatross of service providers, and hence gives institutions the freedom to choose them separately.
Development of functions or addition of features can be done at a desired rate, rather than pleading with the vendor and waiting endlessly for it to happen.
An open source LMS incorporates more flexible features, because of the community development efforts. This gives more power to both learners and instructors with the liberty of changing or modifying features according to needs rather than the other way round.
The collective success of the open source community is an outcome of peer support, wherein the success of one is reflected in the success of the all users.
There is a quick redressal of any problems that arise in connection with the software, because of its subjection to intense scrutiny by users, on different parameters including functionality, implementation and usability.
Low end software applications with outdated features face quick extinction, while well designed ones survive the rigorous testing that they go through.
An open source application is not subject to changing business models or acquisitions, which are the major sources of risk for an investment in software.
The service providers need to focus on the quality of services offered in order to retain clients, because they do not own the software themselves.
It supports innovation through collaboration, creativity, and a combination of ideas, which, in turn, enhances learning.
The open source application is a testimony to the fact that constant improvement and rapid development is the key to successful running of systems.
Wrap-up
The rapid evolution of e learning is being curtailed by the not-up-to-mark technology. Organizations often find themselves altering their learning needs to suit the e learning software, not because it is the right thing to do, but because it is the best option available to them thanks to the perils of extensive customization. Open source software could change the face of e-learning for better, by empowering learners and instructors alike.
Definition of open source software
Software programs that are distributed along with their source code are called open source software programs. Users can run, study, modify, and redistribute the original or modified program. Though open source software is constructed on the same lines as proprietary software, it differs from the latter in the following issues
Since copious individuals and/or teams work on the program all at the same time, it evolves and advances at a far greater pace than those that are worked upon by a single team. A core team supervises the improvements made to the program before releasing them.
It can more efficiently meet the needs of users because it takes advantage of their collective expertise with improvements often being a consequence of users fixing their own problems or adding new features to the existing software.
The testing is done by scores of user teams working over different platforms and environments, unlike proprietary software, which ensures its superior quality.
The distributed and diverse team of developers, comprising of volunteers and users ensures the quality of the software application. Managing and organizing the work done by volunteers and users comes under the purview of the paid members of the development team.
Proprietary software applications have the disadvantage of limited viewership of the source code, whereas, an open source application possesses enhanced security features because of it being subjected to tight scrutiny by users.
Open source software in education
Though open source software has proved to be a boon to most of the businesses worldwide, it has had a marked effect on the education industry. Though open source applications have been used to produce infrastructure software for a while now, its use in the production of application software is only a recent development.
Universities and colleges have lead the way in producing open source applications like course management systems and electronic portfolios that compete directly with their proprietary counterparts. And at this rate of development, it will not be long before learning moves on to open source software from the proprietary one. The advantages of the open source applications in education, when juxtaposed with the drawbacks of their proprietary counterparts, have had immense impact on the functioning of institutions and learning organizations alike.
How open source software benefits e-learning
There are several benefits of an open source software as far as e learning is concerned. Some of them are
With e-learning budgets going through the roof, open source software fits many a pocket with its trademark markedly low or no license fee. The learning budget of an organization becomes more predictable, with decision makers having an choice of investment.
An open source software does not come with albatross of service providers, and hence gives institutions the freedom to choose them separately.
Development of functions or addition of features can be done at a desired rate, rather than pleading with the vendor and waiting endlessly for it to happen.
An open source LMS incorporates more flexible features, because of the community development efforts. This gives more power to both learners and instructors with the liberty of changing or modifying features according to needs rather than the other way round.
The collective success of the open source community is an outcome of peer support, wherein the success of one is reflected in the success of the all users.
There is a quick redressal of any problems that arise in connection with the software, because of its subjection to intense scrutiny by users, on different parameters including functionality, implementation and usability.
Low end software applications with outdated features face quick extinction, while well designed ones survive the rigorous testing that they go through.
An open source application is not subject to changing business models or acquisitions, which are the major sources of risk for an investment in software.
The service providers need to focus on the quality of services offered in order to retain clients, because they do not own the software themselves.
It supports innovation through collaboration, creativity, and a combination of ideas, which, in turn, enhances learning.
The open source application is a testimony to the fact that constant improvement and rapid development is the key to successful running of systems.
Wrap-up
The rapid evolution of e learning is being curtailed by the not-up-to-mark technology. Organizations often find themselves altering their learning needs to suit the e learning software, not because it is the right thing to do, but because it is the best option available to them thanks to the perils of extensive customization. Open source software could change the face of e-learning for better, by empowering learners and instructors alike.
Virtual Class ? Why not ?
Since our education system - be it traditional or online - places much importance on student performance in exams, regardless of the students’ overall understanding or knowledge of the subject, it puts students under immense pressure to perform well. This trend is at the root of cheating and plagiarism in exams - online or conventional.
Cheating in a virtual classroom
Cheating has been a concern among educators since long, but it has taken gigantic proportions since the advent of computer based online education. Academic integrity in a virtual classroom has always worried instructors. This is particularly so because of the encompassing belief that online education provides myriad opportunities for students to cheat. But along with cheating opportunities, the web also provides exemplary tools that detect and combat cheating to a large extent. More so in a virtual classroom, where activities like quizzes, group presentations, virtual chats etc. inherently curb cheating. And although there is no denying the existence of cheating in a learning environment, there is no support to the claim that the advent of internet and online learning has, in any way, augmented it.
Curtailing cheating in a virtual classroom
A traditional classroom allows the supervisor to visually monitor students during exams. While this is not possible in a virtual environment, placing time restrictions for the completion of an online exam can take care of the cheating woes in a virtual set up. The exam automatically gets submitted to the instructor, once the time is up. This can restrict, if not completely eliminate online cheating, particularly in a multiple choice quiz type pattern of exam. Like, students will have no time on hand to look up for answers if an exam comprises of answering 20 multiple choice questions in 18 minutes.
Tools like threaded discussions allow the instructor to gauge the level of understanding among students. Being synchronous, they provide no time for the students to cheat, since the responses too are expected in real time. Communication, discussion and debate on a topic can be carried out in a threaded discussion. The writing style of the student as well as the flow of the text gives away the fact whether plagiarism or cheating is at work. Group chat will allow discussions and interaction between students and the instructor, where they can assess the students casually. Also the time commitment required for synchronous communication is a deterrent for cheating.
Plagiarism in a virtual classroom
The easy availability and abundance of online term papers has made it easier for students to plagiarize content. With a simple click of the mouse, they can now copy and paste text in their online papers. Copying from websites is another common method of plagiarizing content. But, while this is largely prevalent among the student community, detection of t is also becoming easier by the day. Unlike in a traditional classroom, the electronically submitted papers can be run through the plagiarism detection softwares or websites.
Curtailing plagiarism in a virtual classroom
Plagiarism in a virtual class can be determined by the following methods
Plagiarism detecting websites
These websites work on a simple principle. They maintain a record of digitally fingerprinted papers. If the student’s submitted paper matches any of the papers form the database, it is a case of plagiarism. Apart from this, web crawlers crawl the internet to search for any matches to the submitted paper. After this, the instructor receives an ‘originality report’. These websites detect whether the entire paper or parts of the paper are plagiarized from different sources.
The only flaw with such websites is that they don’t take into account the quotation marks or the reference to the original source provided by the paper. Hence it is extremely important for the instructor to recheck upon the referenced text before accusing the student of plagiarizing.
Plagiarism detecting software
Such software replaces every fifth word in the text with a blank, asking the student to supply missing words. A plagiarism probability score is finally assessed by different factors including the number of correct responses, time required to intervene, etc.
Search engines
Popular search engines too can detect plagiarism to a considerable level. If there is an inkling of plagiarism, the instructor could enter the suspect phrase into the search engine, whereby, it returns a list of websites that contain the exact term entered. A search on various search engines can broaden the results too.
Conclusion
Some instructors feel that if students take supervision during exams in the wrong spirit and take it as a mistrust of the instructor towards them, it could visibly damage the relationship in the long run, while some others consider it as a violation of code of honor. By widening the criteria of student assessment, their minds can be taken off exams, thus curbing the urge to cheat to a large extent. Instead, regular participation from students in discussions, online chats and other interactive tools will allow the instructor to gauge individual performance of students and grade them accordingly. Examining student performance in a casual causerie is the only way to reduce this menace in education.
Cheating in a virtual classroom
Cheating has been a concern among educators since long, but it has taken gigantic proportions since the advent of computer based online education. Academic integrity in a virtual classroom has always worried instructors. This is particularly so because of the encompassing belief that online education provides myriad opportunities for students to cheat. But along with cheating opportunities, the web also provides exemplary tools that detect and combat cheating to a large extent. More so in a virtual classroom, where activities like quizzes, group presentations, virtual chats etc. inherently curb cheating. And although there is no denying the existence of cheating in a learning environment, there is no support to the claim that the advent of internet and online learning has, in any way, augmented it.
Curtailing cheating in a virtual classroom
A traditional classroom allows the supervisor to visually monitor students during exams. While this is not possible in a virtual environment, placing time restrictions for the completion of an online exam can take care of the cheating woes in a virtual set up. The exam automatically gets submitted to the instructor, once the time is up. This can restrict, if not completely eliminate online cheating, particularly in a multiple choice quiz type pattern of exam. Like, students will have no time on hand to look up for answers if an exam comprises of answering 20 multiple choice questions in 18 minutes.
Tools like threaded discussions allow the instructor to gauge the level of understanding among students. Being synchronous, they provide no time for the students to cheat, since the responses too are expected in real time. Communication, discussion and debate on a topic can be carried out in a threaded discussion. The writing style of the student as well as the flow of the text gives away the fact whether plagiarism or cheating is at work. Group chat will allow discussions and interaction between students and the instructor, where they can assess the students casually. Also the time commitment required for synchronous communication is a deterrent for cheating.
Plagiarism in a virtual classroom
The easy availability and abundance of online term papers has made it easier for students to plagiarize content. With a simple click of the mouse, they can now copy and paste text in their online papers. Copying from websites is another common method of plagiarizing content. But, while this is largely prevalent among the student community, detection of t is also becoming easier by the day. Unlike in a traditional classroom, the electronically submitted papers can be run through the plagiarism detection softwares or websites.
Curtailing plagiarism in a virtual classroom
Plagiarism in a virtual class can be determined by the following methods
Plagiarism detecting websites
These websites work on a simple principle. They maintain a record of digitally fingerprinted papers. If the student’s submitted paper matches any of the papers form the database, it is a case of plagiarism. Apart from this, web crawlers crawl the internet to search for any matches to the submitted paper. After this, the instructor receives an ‘originality report’. These websites detect whether the entire paper or parts of the paper are plagiarized from different sources.
The only flaw with such websites is that they don’t take into account the quotation marks or the reference to the original source provided by the paper. Hence it is extremely important for the instructor to recheck upon the referenced text before accusing the student of plagiarizing.
Plagiarism detecting software
Such software replaces every fifth word in the text with a blank, asking the student to supply missing words. A plagiarism probability score is finally assessed by different factors including the number of correct responses, time required to intervene, etc.
Search engines
Popular search engines too can detect plagiarism to a considerable level. If there is an inkling of plagiarism, the instructor could enter the suspect phrase into the search engine, whereby, it returns a list of websites that contain the exact term entered. A search on various search engines can broaden the results too.
Conclusion
Some instructors feel that if students take supervision during exams in the wrong spirit and take it as a mistrust of the instructor towards them, it could visibly damage the relationship in the long run, while some others consider it as a violation of code of honor. By widening the criteria of student assessment, their minds can be taken off exams, thus curbing the urge to cheat to a large extent. Instead, regular participation from students in discussions, online chats and other interactive tools will allow the instructor to gauge individual performance of students and grade them accordingly. Examining student performance in a casual causerie is the only way to reduce this menace in education.
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